Electrolyte-Dependent Sodium Ion Transport Behaviors in Hard Carbon Anode

Min Eui Lee; Sang Moon Lee; Jaewon Choi; Dawon Jang; Sungho Lee; Hyoung-Joon Jin; Young Soo Yun

doi:10.1002/smll.202001053

Electrolyte-Dependent Sodium Ion Transport Behaviors in Hard Carbon Anode

Small. 2020 Sep;16(35):e2001053. doi: 10.1002/smll.202001053. Epub 2020 Aug 6.

Authors

Min Eui Lee¹, Sang Moon Lee², Jaewon Choi³, Dawon Jang^{1

4}, Sungho Lee^{1

4}, Hyoung-Joon Jin⁵, Young Soo Yun⁶

Affiliations

¹ Carbon Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92, Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55324, South Korea.
² Research Center for Materials Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 169-148, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34133, South Korea.
³ Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 52828, South Korea.
⁴ Department of Nano Material Engineering, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea.
⁵ Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon, 22212, South Korea.
⁶ KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.

PMID: 32761802
DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001053

Abstract

A comprehensive study is conducted on hard carbon (HC) series samples by tuning the graphitic local microstructures systematically as an anode for SIBs in both carbonate- (CBE) and glyme-based electrolytes (GBE). The results reveal more detailed charge storage characters of HCs on the LVP section. 1) The LVP capacity is closely related to the prismatic surface area to the basal plane as well as the bulk density, regardless of electrolyte systems. 2) The glyme-sodium ion complex can facilitate sodium ion delivery into the internal closed pores of the HCs along with not well-ordered graphitic structures. 3) The glyme-mediated sodium ion-storage behavior causes significant decreases in both surface film resistance and charge transfer resistance, leading to enhanced rate capability. 4) The LVP originates from the formation of pseudo-metallic sodium nanoclusters, which are the same in a CBE and GBE. These results provide insight into the sodium ion-storage behaviors of HCs, particularly on the interrelationship between graphitic local microstructures and electrolyte systems. In addition, a high-performance HC anode with a plateau capacity of ≈300 mA h g^-1 is designed based on the information, and its workability is demonstrated in a full-cell SIB device.

Keywords: anodes; charge storage mechanisms; graphitic carbon; hard carbon; sodium ions.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't