Characterization of the microbial community, metabolome and biotransformation of phenolic compounds of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) silage ensiled with or without inoculation of Lactobacillus plantarum

Abstract

The present study investigated the bacterial community, metabolome and biotransformation of phenolic compounds in sainfoin silage inoculated either with or without Lactobacillus plantarum. Our results revealed that the epiphytic microbiota of wilted sainfoin mainly comprised Acinetobacter, Spingomonas, Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Delftia and Aquabacterium. After ensiling, L. acetotolerans, L. buchneri, L. plantarum, L. pentosus and Clostridium tyrobutricum were the dominant species. Compared to the control, the inoculant L. plantarum increased the relative abundance of L. buchneri while decreased that of the other dominant species. The ensiling process increased the concentrations of 21 flavones, 16 flavonols, 16 flavonoids, 14 flavanones and 9 isoflavones while decreased other 32 flavones and 11 anthocyanins, which mainly modulated by the "isoflavonoid biosynthesis" and "flavonoid biosynthesis" pathways. The inoculant L. plantarum mainly reduced the concentrations of 10 flavones. Compared with the control, the inoculant L. plantarum mainly affected the metabolism pathways related to carbohydrates and nitrogen.

Keywords: Bacterial community; Lactobacillus plantarum; Metabolome; Phenolic compounds; Sainfoin silage.