Abstract
Hot water extract from biomass of heterotrophic mutant green alga Parachlorella kessleri HY1 (Chlorellaceae) was deproteinised, and three polysaccharidic fractions were obtained by preparative chromatography. The low-molecular fraction (1.5 × 104g mol-1) was defined mainly as branched O-2-β-xylo-(1→3)-β-galactofuranan where xylose is partially methylated at O-4. Two high-molecular fractions (3.05 × 105 and 9.84 × 104g mol-1) were complex polysaccharides containing α-l-rhamnan and xylogalactofuranan parts in different ratios. The polysaccharides were well soluble in hot water and, upon cooling, tended to self-segregate. Immunomodulatory activities of the obtained fractions were preliminary tested using ELISA, FACS and ImmunoSpot kits. The polysaccharides increased the TNF-α production in melanoma bearing mice with much higher intensity than in healthy mice. This was in agreement with the FACS results on T and B cells indicating their possibly secondary activation by innate immunity cells.
Keywords:
Aggregation; Chlorella; Immunomodulatory activity; Rhamnans; Structure; Xylogalactofuranan.
Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Antigens, CD / genetics
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Antigens, CD / immunology
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B-Lymphocytes / drug effects*
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B-Lymphocytes / immunology
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B-Lymphocytes / pathology
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Carbohydrate Sequence
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Chlorophyta / chemistry*
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Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects
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Immunologic Factors / chemistry
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Immunologic Factors / isolation & purification
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Immunologic Factors / pharmacology*
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Interferon-gamma / genetics
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Interferon-gamma / immunology
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Interleukin-2 / genetics
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Interleukin-2 / immunology
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Interleukin-4 / genetics
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Interleukin-4 / immunology
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Lipopolysaccharides / antagonists & inhibitors
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Lipopolysaccharides / pharmacology
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Melanoma / immunology
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Melanoma / pathology
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Methylation
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Mice
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Mice, Inbred C57BL
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Molecular Weight
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Plant Extracts / chemistry
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Polysaccharides / chemistry
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Polysaccharides / isolation & purification
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Polysaccharides / pharmacology*
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Primary Cell Culture
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Skin Neoplasms / immunology
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Skin Neoplasms / pathology
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Solubility
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T-Lymphocytes / drug effects*
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T-Lymphocytes / immunology
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T-Lymphocytes / pathology
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / genetics
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / immunology
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Water
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Xylose / chemistry
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Xylose / isolation & purification
Substances
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Antigens, CD
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Il4 protein, mouse
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Immunologic Factors
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Interleukin-2
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Lipopolysaccharides
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Plant Extracts
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Polysaccharides
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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Water
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Interleukin-4
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Interferon-gamma
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Xylose