Pre-stretching of the Hamstrings Before Squatting Acutely Increases Biceps Femoris Thickness Without Impairing Exercise Performance

Thiago Barbosa Trindade; Leônidas Oliveira Neto; José Claudino Neto Pita; Vagner Deuel de Oliveira Tavares; Paulo Moreira Silva Dantas; Brad J Schoenfeld; Jonato Prestes

doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.00769

Pre-stretching of the Hamstrings Before Squatting Acutely Increases Biceps Femoris Thickness Without Impairing Exercise Performance

Front Physiol. 2020 Jul 7:11:769. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00769. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Thiago Barbosa Trindade¹, Leônidas Oliveira Neto², José Claudino Neto Pita³, Vagner Deuel de Oliveira Tavares⁴, Paulo Moreira Silva Dantas³, Brad J Schoenfeld⁵, Jonato Prestes¹

Affiliations

¹ Graduation Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
² Department of Arts, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
³ Graduation Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
⁴ Laboratory of Hormone Measurement, Department of Physiology and Behavior, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
⁵ Department of Health Sciences, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, NY, United States.

Abstract

Background: Bilateral squat exercise is widely used in resistance training (RT) programs to increase lower limb strength and muscle mass, but this exercise does not result in significant hypertrophy of the hamstrings. It has been speculated that stretching between sets with a certain degree of tension results in muscle hypertrophy, while acute stretching could decrease performance during maximal contractions. Objective: This study investigated the acute effects of hamstring stretching before bilateral squatting on muscle thickness (MT), electromyography (EMG), and total training volume (TTV) on exercise performance. Methods: Fourteen resistance-trained young men, with ∼7.5 years of RT experience, performed the 10 repetition maximum (RM) for the barbell squat in two sessions (test-retest) separated by period after 48 h. Participants engaged in two resistance exercise conditions separated by a 1 week recovery interval: one session employed hamstrings stretching and the other did not include hamstrings stretching. Before and after each resistance exercise session, the thickness of the quadriceps muscles and biceps femoris long head were obtained by ultrasound imaging. Moreover, the EMG amplitudes for the quadriceps muscles, biceps femoris, and iliocostalis muscles were recorded during back squat performance. The TTV was also evaluated for each exercise session. Results: A significant increase in MT was observed after every set in both conditions for the evaluated quadriceps muscles (all p < 0.05), while for the biceps femoris, this effect was found only in the stretching condition (p < 0.05). EMG activity increased in the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis for the stretching condition. For the non-stretching condition, activity only increased in the vastus lateralis and medialis. There was no difference in EMG activity for the biceps femoris and iliocostalis in both conditions. Conclusion: Stretching the hamstrings immediately before each set of the back squat can be used to acutely increase biceps femoris thickness without impairing squat performance.

Keywords: electromyography; hamstrings; muscle strength; muscle thickness; stretching.