Smart diagnostics devices through artificial intelligence and mechanobiological approaches

Dinesh Yadav; Ramesh Kumar Garg; Deepak Chhabra; Rajkumar Yadav; Ashwani Kumar; Pratyoosh Shukla

doi:10.1007/s13205-020-02342-x

Smart diagnostics devices through artificial intelligence and mechanobiological approaches

3 Biotech. 2020 Aug;10(8):351. doi: 10.1007/s13205-020-02342-x. Epub 2020 Jul 22.

Authors

Dinesh Yadav¹, Ramesh Kumar Garg¹, Deepak Chhabra², Rajkumar Yadav³, Ashwani Kumar², Pratyoosh Shukla⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Mechanical Engineering, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Haryana India.
² Optimization and Mechatronics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana India.
³ Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Indira Gandhi University, Rewari, Haryana India.
⁴ Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India.

Abstract

The present work illustrates the promising intervention of smart diagnostics devices through artificial intelligence (AI) and mechanobiological approaches in health care practices. The artificial intelligence and mechanobiological approaches in diagnostics widen the scope for point of care techniques for the timely revealing of diseases by understanding the biomechanical properties of the tissue of interest. Smart diagnostic device senses the physical parameters due to change in mechanical, biological, and luidic properties of the cells and to control these changes, supply the necessary drugs immediately using AI techniques. The latest techniques like sweat diagnostics to measure the overall health, Photoplethysmography (PPG) for real-time monitoring of pulse waveform by capturing the reflected signal due to blood pulsation), Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and Nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS) smart devices to detect disease at its early stage, lab-on-chip and organ-on-chip technologies, Ambulatory Circadian Monitoring device (ACM), a wrist-worn device for Parkinson's disease have been discussed. The recent and futuristic smart diagnostics tool/techniques like emotion recognition by applying machine learning algorithms, atomic force microscopy that measures the fibrinogen and erythrocytes binding force, smartphone-based retinal image analyser system, image-based computational modeling for various neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, tuberculosis, predicting and preventing of Zika virus, optimal drugs and doses for HIV using AI, etc. have been reviewed. The objective of this review is to examine smart diagnostics devices based on artificial intelligence and mechanobiological approaches, with their medical applications in healthcare. This review determines that smart diagnostics devices have potential applications in healthcare, but more research work will be essential for prospective accomplishments of this technology.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Biological; Diagnostics; Fluidic; Mechanical; Mechanobiology.

Publication types

Review