Non-invasive monitoring of drug action: A new live in vitro assay design for Chagas' disease drug discovery

PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020 Jul 27;14(7):e0008487. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008487. eCollection 2020 Jul.

Abstract

New assay designs are needed to improve the predictive value of the Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro tests used as part of the Chagas' disease drug development pipeline. Here, we employed a green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-expressing parasite line and live high-content imaging to monitor the growth of T. cruzi amastigotes in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. A novel assay design allowed us to follow parasite numbers over 6 days, in four-hour intervals, while occupying the microscope for only 24 hours per biological replicate. Dose-response curves were calculated for each time point after addition of test compounds, revealing how EC50 values first decreased over the time of drug exposure, and then leveled off. However, we observed that parasite numbers could vary, even in the untreated controls, and at different sites in the same well, which caused variability in the EC50 values. To overcome this, we established that fold change in parasite number per hour is a more robust and informative measure of drug activity. This was calculated based on an exponential growth model for every biological sample. The net fold change per hour is the result of parasite replication, differentiation, and death. The calculation of this fold change enabled us to determine the tipping point of drug action, i.e. the time point when the death rate of the parasites exceeded the growth rate and the fold change dropped below 1, depending on the drug concentration and exposure time. This revealed specific pharmacodynamic profiles of the benchmark drugs benznidazole and posaconazole.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Chagas Disease / drug therapy*
  • Drug Discovery*
  • Humans
  • Nitroimidazoles / pharmacology
  • Triazoles / pharmacology
  • Trypanocidal Agents / pharmacology*
  • Trypanosoma cruzi / drug effects

Substances

  • Nitroimidazoles
  • Triazoles
  • Trypanocidal Agents
  • posaconazole
  • benzonidazole

Grants and funding

This work was financially supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (IZRJZ3_164172 to PM), the Nikolaus und Bertha Burckhardt-Bürgin-Stiftung (37X1381 to AF), the Freiwillige Akademische Gesellschaft (AF), and the Merian Iselin Stiftung (OB). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.