Impact on Longevity of Genetic Cardiovascular Risk and Lifestyle including Red Meat Consumption

Alda Pereira da Silva; Maria do Céu Costa; Laura Aguiar; Andreia Matos; Ângela Gil; J Gorjão-Clara; Jorge Polónia; Manuel Bicho

doi:10.1155/2020/1305413

Impact on Longevity of Genetic Cardiovascular Risk and Lifestyle including Red Meat Consumption

Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020 Jun 30:2020:1305413. doi: 10.1155/2020/1305413. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Alda Pereira da Silva^{1

2

3}, Maria do Céu Costa^{3

4}, Laura Aguiar^{1

2}, Andreia Matos^{1

2}, Ângela Gil¹, J Gorjão-Clara⁵, Jorge Polónia⁶, Manuel Bicho^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Ecogenetics and Human Health Unit, Genetics Laboratory, Environmental Health Institute-ISAMB, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, Piso 1C 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
² Instituto de Investigação Bento da Rocha Cabral, Calçada Bento da Rocha Cabral 14, 1250-012 Lisboa, Portugal.
³ CBIOS-Biosciences Research Center, School of Health Sciences and Technologies, Universidade Lusófona, Campo Grande 376, 1649-024 Lisboa, Portugal.
⁴ IPLuso-ERISA/NICiTeS, Escola Superior de Saúde Ribeiro Sanches, Rua do Telhal aos Olivais, n8-8ª, 1900-693 Lisboa, Portugal.
⁵ University Geriatric Unit, Environmental Health Institute-ISAMB, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal.
⁶ Faculty of Medicine Oporto, Internal Medicine, Hypertension, Clinical Pharmacology, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Oporto, Portugal.

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular risk (CVR) underlies aging process and longevity. Previous work points to genetic and environmental factors associated with this risk.

Objectives: The aim of this research is to look for any CVR gene-gene and gene-multifactorial/lifestyle interactions that may impact health and disease and underlie exceptional longevity.

Methods: A case-control study involving 521 both gender individuals, 253 centenarians (100.26 ± 1.98 years), and 268 controls (67.51 ± 3.25 years), low (LCR, n = 107) and high (HCR, n = 161) CVR. Hypertension, diabetes, obesity (BMI, kg·m^-2), and impaired kidney function were defined according to standard criteria. CVR was calculated using Q risk®. DNA was genotyping (ACE-rs4646994, AGT-rs4762, AGR1-rs5182, GRK4-rs2960306, GRK4-rs1024323, NOS3-rs1799983, and SLC12A3-rs13306673) through iPlex-MassARRAY®, read by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and analyzed by EARTDECODE®.

Results: Antilongevity factors consisted (OR 95% CI, p < 0.05) BMI 1.558 (1.445-1.680), hypertension 2.358 (1.565-3.553), smoking habits 4.528 (2.579-7.949), diabetes 5.553 (2.889-10.675), hypercholesterolemia 1.016 (1.010-1.022), and regular consumption of red meat 22.363 (13.987-35.755). Genetic aspects particularly for HCR individuals ACE II (OR: 3.96 (1.83-8.56), p < 0.0001) and NOS3 TT (OR: 3.11 (1.70-5.70), p < 0.0001) genotypes were also risk associate. Obesity, smoking, hypercholesterolemia, and frequent consumption of red meat have an additive action to hypertension in the longevity process. There was a synergistic interaction between the endothelial NOS3 genotypes and the severity of arterial hypertension. An epistatic interaction between functional genetic variants of GRK4 and angiotensinogen was also observed.

Conclusions: Cardiovascular risk-related genetic and multifactorial or predominantly lifestyle aspects and its interactions might influence the aging process and contribute to exceptional longevity in Portuguese centenarians. Besides lifestyle, the activity of nitrite oxide synthase may be one of the main physiologic regulators of cardiovascular protection in the path of longevity.

MeSH terms

Cardiovascular Diseases / etiology*
Case-Control Studies
Female
Heart Disease Risk Factors*
Humans
Life Style
Longevity
Male
Red Meat / adverse effects*