Importance: Screening for diabetic retinopathy for early detection and treatment can prevent vision loss.
Background: We aimed to assess rates of eye examination of people with diabetes, adherence with national guidelines and investigate characteristics of those who do not adhere.
Design: We used data from the 45 and Up Study, a cohort study of 267 153 randomly selected residents aged ≥45 years from New South Wales, Australia. Individual survey data collected in 2006 to 2009 were linked to corresponding national Medicare Benefits Schedule claims data for 2006 to 2016.
Participants: The study sample included 24 832 participants who reported having diabetes and at least 5 years of observation.
Methods: Claims for visits to optometrists or ophthalmologists were assessed to estimate rates of eye examination. Poisson regression models were used to investigate factors associated with non-adherence.
Main outcome measure: Participants were classified as adherent if the average time between eye care claims was consistent with national guideline of having an eye exam every 2 years.
Results: Of 50% to 75% people with diabetes met the biennial eye examination guidelines and only 21% to 28% with diabetes duration ≥10 years were adherent to the annual eye examination guideline. Characteristics associated with greatest (~1.3-fold) risk of non-adherence were smoking, age <60 years and higher income.
Conclusions and relevance: There is a clear need to improve rates of adherence to eye examination guidelines among people with diabetes to reduce the personal and societal burden of diabetic retinopathy.
Keywords: diabetes; diabetic retinopathy; eye screening; patient adherence.
© 2020 Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists.