Accumulating evidences indicate that circular RNAs (circRNAs), a subclass of noncoding RNAs, play important role in regulating gene expression in eukaryotes. Hsa_circ_0046263 (circ-0046263) was found aberrantly expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but its role in tumor growth and metastasis remains largely unclear. Sanger sequencing, RNase R assay, and nucleic acid electrophoresis were conducted to verify the identification of circ-0046263. Nuclear separation and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays were used to determine the localization of circ-004263. Dual luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) were employed to confirm the binding of circ-0046263 with miR-133a-5p. Colony formation, proliferation, wound healing, transwell, western blot, and in vivo tumor growth and metastasis assays were performed to assess the roles of circ-0046263, miR-133a-5p, IGFBP3 and their interactions in NPC cells. Circ-0046263 was upregulated in both NPC cell lines and tissues. The in vitro functional studies revealed that knockdown of circ-0046263 inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of NPC cells, whereas its overexpression produced the opposite result. In vivo experiments indicated that knockdown or overexpression of circ-0046263 attenuated or promoted tumor growth and metastasis, respectively. Mechanistically, circ-0046263 could act as a miRNA sponge to absorb miR-133a-5p and upregulate the expression of miRNA downstream target IGFBP3. In addition, miR-133a-5p inhibition or IGFBP3 overexpression could rescue the malignant behavior induced by circ-0046263 silencing. Finally, circ-0046263 plays a tumor-promoting role in NPC to enhance malignant behavior through the miR-133a-5p/IGFBP3 axis, which could be a potential target for NPC therapy.