Rationale: Synchronous pulmonary lymphoma and carcinoma is relatively rare. And synchronous pulmonary lymphoma and adenocarcinoma in the same site is extremely rare.
Patient concerns: We presented a 69-year-old female with a tumor mass in right upper lung.
Diagnosis: Pathological and immunohistochemical findings revealed lung adenocarcinoma and extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue.
Interventions: The patient received thoracoscopic guided right upper lobectomy and focal lymph node dissection after systemic anesthesia. Besides, 6 cycles of chemotherapy were given based on meprednisone, gemcitabine and cisplatin in local hospital.
Outcomes: In the 12-month follow-up, the patient was still alive with no local recurrence, metastasis and lymph node involvement.
Lesson: A comprehensive literature research was performed, and 6 cases of synchronous pulmonary lymphoma and adenocarcinoma in the same site and 10 cases in different sites were identified since 2000. Most patients with synchronous pulmonary lymphoma and carcinoma were middle-aged and elderly with the median age was 64 years presenting a male predisposition. The most frequent type of primary pulmonary lymphoma was B-cell non Hodgkin lymphoma, especially mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and the lung cancer is predominantly adenocarcinoma.