Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared as pandemic by the World Health Organization and is causing substantial morbidity and mortality all over the world. Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease significantly increase the risk for hospitalization and death in COVID-19 patients. Hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia are both predictors for adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients. An optimized glycemic control should be pursued in patients with diabetes and SARS-CoV-2 infection in order to reduce the risk of severe COVID-19 course. Both insulin and GLP-1RAs have shown optimal glucose-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects in type 2 diabetic patients and may represent a valid therapeutic option to treat asymptomatic and non-critically ill COVID-19 diabetic patients.
Keywords:
COVID-19; Cytokine storm; GLP-1RAs; Hyperglycemia; Insulin; Type 2 diabetes.
MeSH terms
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Betacoronavirus / pathogenicity*
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Biomarkers / blood
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Blood Glucose / drug effects*
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Blood Glucose / metabolism
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COVID-19
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Clinical Decision-Making
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Coronavirus Infections / diagnosis
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Coronavirus Infections / epidemiology
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Coronavirus Infections / therapy*
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Coronavirus Infections / virology
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / blood
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / diagnosis
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / drug therapy*
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / epidemiology
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Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor / agonists
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Host Microbial Interactions
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Humans
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Hypoglycemic Agents / administration & dosage*
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Hypoglycemic Agents / adverse effects
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Incretins / administration & dosage*
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Incretins / adverse effects
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Insulin / administration & dosage*
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Insulin / adverse effects
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Pandemics
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Pneumonia, Viral / diagnosis
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Pneumonia, Viral / epidemiology
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Pneumonia, Viral / therapy*
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Pneumonia, Viral / virology
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Risk Assessment
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Risk Factors
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SARS-CoV-2
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Treatment Outcome
Substances
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Biomarkers
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Blood Glucose
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GLP1R protein, human
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Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor
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Hypoglycemic Agents
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Incretins
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Insulin