Crystal Structure of MLL2 Complex Guides the Identification of a Methylation Site on P53 Catalyzed by KMT2 Family Methyltransferases

Abstract

KMT2 family methyltransferases methylate histone H3 lysine 4 and play essential roles in multiple cellular processes. MLL2 (KMT2B) is required for early epigenetic decisions during development and contributes to the methylation of bivalent promoters. Here, we determined the crystal structure of the MLL2_SET-RBBP5_AS-ABM-ASH2L_SPRY complex and confirmed that RBBP5_AS-ABM-ASH2L_SPRY was essential for activating the MLL2 SET domain through a conserved mechanism across KMT2 family complexes. In the MLL2 complex structure, a short N-terminal loop of MLL2_SET adopts a similar configuration of the H3 peptide and inserts into the substrate-binding pocket of another MLL2_SET, indicating a potential substrate for MLL2_SET. We identify that P53 contains a sequence similar to the N-terminal loop of MLL2_SET, and demonstrate that K305 of P53 could be methylated by KMT2 family complexes except for SET1A. Our results provide an important implication of functional interplay between P53 and KMT2 family complexes, and also suggest the possible broad landscape of non-histone substrate for KMT2 family methyltransferases.

Keywords: ASH2L; KMT2B; MLL2; P53; RBBP5; X-ray crystallography; epigenetics; histone methylation; protein complex; structural biology.