1 CEPEP, IRD, University of Paris, INSERM ERL 1244, 75006 Paris, France; Institut COVID19 Ad Memoriam, Paris, France; WHO Collaborative Center for Research on Health and Humanitarian Policies and Practices, IRD, University of Paris, Paris, France. Electronic address: laetitia.atlani-duault@ird.fr.
2 French High Council of Public Health, Paris, France; Institut PRESAGE, Jean Monnet University-Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint Etienne, France.
3 REACTting, INSERM, Paris, France; University of Paris, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Paris, France.
4 University of Lyon, Virpath Team, CIRI, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS, UCBL, Lyon, France; Virology Laboratory of the HCL & French National Reference Centre for Respiratory Viruses, Infectious Agent Institute, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France.
5 Sciences Po, Centre de Sociologie des Organisations, CNRS, Paris, France.
6 Medical and Infectious Diseases Intensive Care Unit, Bichat-Claude Bernard University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Infections Antimicrobials Modelling Evolution (IAME-UMR1137), University of Paris, INSERM, Paris, France.
7 Haute Autorité de Santé, Saint Denis, France.
8 Modus Operandi International Institute, Paris, France.
9 ATD Quart Monde, Paris, France.
10 Department for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Hospital Center of Bordeaux and INSERM 1219, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
11 National Ethical Consultative Committee for Life Sciences and Health, Paris, France.