Immunotherapy for malignant diseases is defined as a systematic therapeutic approach that aims to target the individual's immune system to prevent the development of malignancies or to combat existing tumors. Nowadays, this includes various therapeutic approaches, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, BiTEs (bispecific T‑cell engagers), CAR T‑cells (CAR: chimeric antigen receptors) and oncolytic viruses, which have not only different mechanisms of action and points of attack, but also have very different efficiencies in the treatment of solid and hematological malignancies. These approaches undoubtedly enrich the therapeutic portfolio in oncology-in palliative systematic therapy and also in the interaction with operative and ablative local therapeutic approaches.
Keywords: Checkpoint inhibitors; Immunomodulation; Monoclonal antibodies; Oncolytic virotherapy; T‑cell transfer.