Pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence in women with gestational hyperglycaemia worsens the occurrence and severity of urinary incontinence and quality of life over the first year post partum

Fernanda Piculo; Gabriela Marini; Giovana Vesentini; Glilciane Morceli; Débora C Damasceno; Luis Sobrevia; Angélica M P Barbosa; Marilza V C Rudge

doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.06.036

Pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence in women with gestational hyperglycaemia worsens the occurrence and severity of urinary incontinence and quality of life over the first year post partum

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2020 Sep:252:336-343. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.06.036. Epub 2020 Jun 27.

Authors

Fernanda Piculo¹, Gabriela Marini², Giovana Vesentini², Glilciane Morceli², Débora C Damasceno², Luis Sobrevia³, Angélica M P Barbosa², Marilza V C Rudge²

Affiliations

¹ Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: fer_piculo@yahoo.com.br.
² Perinatal Diabetes Research Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, Univ Estadual Paulista_UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
³ Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad De Sevilla, Seville, Spain; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.

PMID: 32659639
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.06.036

Abstract

Objective: To determine the occurrence and severity of pregnancy-specific urinary incontinence (PSUI) in women with gestational hyperglycaemia, and its impact on quality of life (QoL) over the first year post partum.

Study design: Three hundred and eighty-eight pregnant women with PSUI were distributed into two groups (normoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic) and analysed at five timepoints during pregnancy and the first year post partum. Gestational hyperglycaemia was defined according to the criteria of the American Diabetes Association and the glucose profile test. Relationships with outcome were analysed using Chi-squared test for categorical variables and Student's t-test for quantitative variables.

Results: The overall prevalence rate of PSUI was 54.1 %, with prevalence rates of 43.3 % and 56.7 % in normoglycaemic and hyperglycaemic Brazilian pregnant women, respectively. Women with gestational hyperglycaemia had a higher amount of urine loss (p < 0.0027), frequency of UI (p < 0.0014), impact of UI on QoL (p < 0.0001), severity of UI (p = 0.0003) and total scores on the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence-Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and Incontinence Severity Index (ISI) (p<0.0001) at the two timepoints during pregnancy; and a higher amount of urine loss (p = 0.0079), frequency of UI (p = 0.0382), impact of UI on QoL (p < 0.0001), severity of UI (p = 0.0053) and questionnaire scores (p < 0.0001 for ICIQ-SF and p = 0.003 for ISI) over the first year post partum.

Conclusions: PSUI in women with gestational hyperglycaemia worsens the occurrence and severity of UI, and the impact of UI on QoL over the first year post partum. These results emphasize the interaction between PSUI, gestational hyperglycaemia and long-term maternal outcome.

Keywords: Gestational diabetes; Pregnancy; Quality of life; Questionnaire; Urinary incontinence.

MeSH terms

Brazil / epidemiology
Female
Humans
Hyperglycemia* / epidemiology
Pregnancy
Quality of Life
Surveys and Questionnaires
Urinary Incontinence* / epidemiology
Urinary Incontinence* / etiology