The asymmetric effect of tourism, financial development, and globalization on ecological footprint in Turkey

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Nov;27(32):40109-40120. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-09937-0. Epub 2020 Jul 12.

Abstract

With the growing interest among researchers in analyzing the ecological footprint of any country, this study focuses on new dimensions to analyze the long-run and short-run asymmetric impact of tourism, financial development, and globalization on ecological footprint in Turkey by using Quantile Autoregressive Distributed Lag model for the period from 1986 to 2018. Further, the EKC hypothesis was also tested. The results show that tourism, globalization, and financial development are positively and significantly associated with the EFP. This means that the increase in these variables will further increase the ecological footprint in Turkey. The U-shaped EKC curve was found to be valid in Turkey. The results also depict nonlinear and asymmetric association among most of the variables. Hence, based on the results, further research directions and practical implications can be suggested.

Keywords: Ecological footprint; Financial development; Globalization; Tourism; Turkey.

MeSH terms

  • Carbon Dioxide* / analysis
  • Economic Development*
  • Internationality
  • Turkey

Substances

  • Carbon Dioxide