Xiao-Yao-San Formula Improves Cognitive Ability by Protecting the Hippocampal Neurons in Ovariectomized Rats

Lina Liu; Fei Ge; Haoran Yang; Huilian Shi; Weiting Lu; Zhiguang Sun; Jing Yan; Fei Qiao

doi:10.1155/2020/4156145

Xiao-Yao-San Formula Improves Cognitive Ability by Protecting the Hippocampal Neurons in Ovariectomized Rats

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020 Jun 19:2020:4156145. doi: 10.1155/2020/4156145. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Lina Liu^{1

2}, Fei Ge³, Haoran Yang^{1

2}, Huilian Shi¹, Weiting Lu¹, Zhiguang Sun², Jing Yan⁴, Fei Qiao¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China.
² First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
³ Department of Gastroenterology, Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan 226600, China.
⁴ Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.

Abstract

Xiao-Yao-San (XYS) decoction is a traditional Chinese medicine formula. This study aimed to investigate the effect of XYS on cognitive abilities and its underlying mechanism in ovariectomized rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized and treated with XYS (3 g/kg or 9 g/kg) by gavage, with subcutaneous injection of 17-β estradiol (E2, 2 μg/kg) as a positive drug control and gavage of 1 ml saline (0.9%) as a placebo control. After 6 weeks of treatment, rats were examined using the Morris water maze test. The estradiol level in the serum and hippocampus was measured by ELISA. Golgi staining was performed to observe neuronal morphology in the hippocampus. Apoptosis of hippocampal cells was observed by TUNEL staining. The protein content of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) 2A and 2B in the hippocampal CA1 region was determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and PI3K signaling was detected by Western blot. Compared with the sham group, both learning and memory were impaired in ovariectomized rats. Rats treated with E2 or high-dose XYS showed better learning and memory compared with the saline-treated rats. High-dose XYS significantly reduced escape latency in the spatial acquisition trial; meanwhile, the cross times and duration in the probe quadrant were increased in the spatial probe trial. High-dose XYS promoted the de novo synthesis of E2 content in the hippocampus but had no significant effect on the serum E2 level. Golgi staining indicated that high-dose XYS could increase the branch number and density of dendritic spines in the hippocampal CA1 area. TUNEL staining showed that high-dose XYS alleviated ovariectomy-induced neuronal apoptosis. The expression level of NMDAR2A and NMDAR2B in hippocampal CA1 was upregulated by XYS treatment. The beneficial effect of XYS was through activating ERα-PI3K signaling. In conclusion, high-dose XYS treatment can improve the cognitive abilities of ovariectomized rats by protecting the hippocampal neurons and restoring the hippocampal E2 level.