Objectives: There are few reports on the comparison between teriparatide (PTH) and bisphosphonate (BP) in terms of osteoporosis pain-related behavior and immunohistochemical findings. The aims of this study were to evaluate skeletal pain associated with osteoporosis and to examine the inhibitory effect of PTH and BP on pain and bone loss in hind limb-unloaded (HU) mice. The mechanism of osteoporotic pain in HU mice was evaluated by examining pain-related behavior and immunohistochemical findings. The effects of PTH and alendronate (ALN), a potent osteoclast inhibitor, on these parameters were also assessed.
Methods: Eight-week-old male ddY mice were tail-suspended for 2 weeks and assigned to four groups: hind limb-loaded (HL) mice with only tail suspension treated with vehicle; HU mice with tail suspension treated with vehicle; HU mice treated with PTH; and HU mice treated with ALN. Starting immediately after reloading, vehicle, PTH, or ALN was injected subcutaneously. After a 2-week treatment, mechanical sensitivity was examined using von Frey filaments. Bilateral hind limbs were removed for micro-computed tomography, immunohistochemical analysis, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression analysis.
Results: HU mice with tail suspension developed bone loss and mechanical hyperalgesia in the hind limbs. The HU mice showed an increased osteoclasts and sclerostin-positive cells in the hind limb bone. Furthermore, PTH and ALN both prevented HU-induced bone loss and mechanical hyperalgesia in the osteoporotic animal models. Histological examination of the hind limb bone revealed that, similar to ALN, PTH inhibited the osteoclasts and sclerostin-positive cells. The mRNA levels of TNFα and IL-6 tended to decrease with ALN or PTH treatment compared with those without any treatment.
Conclusions: Treatment with PTH as well as BP prevented bone loss, mechanical hyperalgesia, osteoclast increase, and osteocyte increase. Similar to BP, the inhibitory effect of PTH on osteoclasts might contribute to the improvement of skeletal pain.
Keywords: Teriparatide; bisphosphonate; immobility-induced osteoporosis; skeletal pain.