Automated identification of multinucleated germ cells with U-Net

PLoS One. 2020 Jul 9;15(7):e0229967. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229967. eCollection 2020.

Abstract

Phthalic acid esters (phthalates) are male reproductive toxicants, which exert their most potent toxicity during fetal development. In the fetal rat, exposure to phthalates reduces testosterone biosynthesis, alters the development of seminiferous cords and other male reproductive tissues, and induces the formation of abnormal multinucleated germ cells (MNGs). Identification of MNGs is a time-intensive process, and it requires specialized training to identify MNGs in histological sections. As a result, MNGs are not routinely quantified in phthalate toxicity experiments. In order to speed up and standardize this process, we have developed an improved method for automated detection of MNGs. Using hand-labeled histological section images with human-identified MNGs, we trained a convolutional neural network with a U-Net architecture to identify MNGs on unlabeled images. With unseen hand-labeled images not used in model training, we assessed the performance of the model, using five different configurations of the data. On average, the model reached near human accuracy, and in the best model, it exceeded it. The use of automated image analysis will allow data on this histopathological endpoint to be more readily collected for analysis of phthalate toxicity. Our trained model application code is available for download at github.com/brown-ccv/mngcount.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Automation, Laboratory / methods*
  • Cell Nucleus*
  • Cell Separation / methods*
  • Female
  • Germ Cells / pathology*
  • Image Processing, Computer-Assisted*
  • Male
  • Neural Networks, Computer
  • Phthalic Acids / toxicity
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Testis / pathology

Substances

  • Phthalic Acids
  • phthalic acid