A morphological and immunohistochemical study of periodontal tissues was performed in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis who underwent dental implantation. We studied 44 biopsy specimens from 21 patients (13 women and 8 men) aged 35-60 years with a diagnosis of periimplantation mucositis (7 patients), periimplantitis (8 patients), and severe chronic generalized periodontitis (6 patients). It was established that periimplantitis differs from periimplantation mucositis by a more pronounced inflammatory reaction with a clear predominance of plasma cells in the infiltrate, which captures the fibrous capsule around the implant, destroys it and further spreads to the bone tissue. Based on the immunohistochemical differences in SMA, VEGF, and Ki-67, it is concluded that periimplantation mucositis and periimplantitis are successive stages of progression of the same process. When comparing chronic generalized periodontitis and periimplantitis, the latter shows much more pronounced inflammatory and destructive processes in the area of the implant, due to the addition of immune inflammation, impaired regeneration processes, and destruction of bone tissue.
Keywords: Ki-67; SMA; VEGF; chronic periodontitis; growth zones; mucositis; periimplantitis.