Prevalence and characterization of Clostridium perfringens isolated from feces of captive cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

Anaerobe. 2020 Aug:64:102236. doi: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102236. Epub 2020 Jul 3.

Abstract

Clostridium perfringens is ubiquitous in the environment and the gastrointestinal tract of warm-blooded animals. While part of the gut microbiome, abnormal growth of C. perfringens causes histotoxic, neurologic, and enteric diseases in a variety of animal species, including humans, due to the production of toxins. There is extremely limited information on C. perfringens infection in non-human primates. Presently, 10 strains were successfully isolated from 126 monkeys and confirmed by molecular and biochemical analyses. All isolates were genotype A based on molecular analysis. Alpha toxin was identified in all isolates. Beta 2 toxin was detected in only three isolates. No other toxins, including enterotoxin, beta, iota, epsilon, and net B toxin, were identified in any isolate. All isolates were highly susceptible to β-lactam antibiotics. Double hemolysis and lecithinase activity were commonly observed in all strains. Biofilm formation, which can increase antibiotic resistance, was identified in 90% of the isolates. The data are the first report the prevalence and characteristics of C. perfringens isolated from captive cynomolgus monkeys.

Keywords: Acute gastric dilatation; Antibiotic resistance; Biofilm; Clostridium perfringens; Cynomolgus monkeys; Non-human primates.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Bacterial Proteins / genetics
  • Bacterial Toxins / genetics*
  • Biofilms / growth & development*
  • Clostridium Infections / microbiology
  • Clostridium Infections / veterinary
  • Clostridium perfringens / drug effects*
  • Clostridium perfringens / genetics*
  • Clostridium perfringens / isolation & purification
  • DNA, Bacterial / genetics
  • Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial*
  • Feces / microbiology
  • Female
  • Genotype
  • Macaca fascicularis / microbiology*
  • Male
  • Phylogeny
  • Prevalence
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / genetics
  • beta-Lactams / pharmacology

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Bacterial Proteins
  • Bacterial Toxins
  • DNA, Bacterial
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
  • beta-Lactams