Relation between age and CT radiation doses: Dose trends in 705 pediatric head CT

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between patient age and radiation doses associated with routine pediatric head CT performed with automatic tube potential selection and tube current modulation techniques.

Methods: We obtained patient demographics, scan parameters, and radiation dose descriptors (CT dose index volume -CTDIvol and dose length product -DLP) associated with consecutive routine head CT in 705 children (mean age 6.9 ± 5 years). Children were scanned on one of the three multidetector-row CTs (64-128 slices, Siemens) over 6 months period in a tertiary hospital. All head CT exams were performed in helical scan mode using automatic tube potential selection (Care kV) and automatic tube current modulation (Care Dose 4D) techniques. The information was obtained from a radiation dose monitoring software. Data were analyzed using linear correlation and analysis of variance.

Results: Most age-wise median CTDIvol (9-27 mGy; 703/705 pediatric head CT, >99 %) from our institution were lower than the European Diagnostic Reference Levels (EDRL, CTDIvol 24-50 mGy) but median DLP (151-586 mGy cm) from 201/705 children (28 %) was higher than the EDRL (DLP 300-650 mGy cm). Unlike the age-stratified EDRL, a combination of automatic tube potential selection and tube current modulation for pediatric head results in a significant linear correlation between radiation doses and patient age (r2 = 0.66, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: Radiation doses for head CT change linearly with children's age. Despite lower CTDIvol and DLP for most children, longer scan length resulted in higher DLP for some pediatric head CT compared to the corresponding EDRL; this result underscores the need to promote clear guidelines for technologists operating CT.

Keywords: Age; CT head; Children; Diagnostic reference levels (DRL); Radiation dose.