The anti-inflammatory effect of ent-kaur-15-en-17-al-18-oic acid on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells associated with NF-κB and P38/MAPK pathways

J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2021 Jun;23(6):570-583. doi: 10.1080/10286020.2020.1786371. Epub 2020 Jun 30.

Abstract

Ent-kaur-15-en-17-al-18-oic acid (LL-3) was demonstrated that it can inhibit LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and macrophage migration, maintain homeostasis of oxidative stress, including increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and maintenance of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities and inhibit oxidative stress-induced P38 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathways to decrease inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygense-2 (COX-2), and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA expressions without marked cytotoxicity. These findings revealed that LL-3 could serve as a candidate lead compound for further studying anti-inflammatory therapies.[Formula: see text].

Keywords: Ent-kaur-15-en-17-al-18-oic acid; LPS; NF-κB; P38; inflammation; migration.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacology*
  • Cyclooxygenase 2 / genetics
  • Cyclooxygenase 2 / metabolism
  • Diterpenes, Kaurane / pharmacology*
  • Lipopolysaccharides
  • Mice
  • Molecular Structure
  • NF-kappa B* / metabolism
  • Nitric Oxide / metabolism
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / genetics
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / metabolism
  • RAW 264.7 Cells
  • Signal Transduction*
  • p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases

Substances

  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents
  • Diterpenes, Kaurane
  • Lipopolysaccharides
  • NF-kappa B
  • Nitric Oxide
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
  • Cyclooxygenase 2
  • p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases