Abstract
Coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the genus Betacoronavirus, and it is phylogenetically closely related to SARS-CoV, a human CoV that caused an outbreak back in 2002 to 2003. Both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV enter human cells via the interactions between viral crown-like spike protein and human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Here, we aim to review the involvement of ACE2 in human CoV infections by discussing the roles of ACE2 in CoV evolution, cross-species transmissibility, and COVID-19 susceptibility. We also provide our perspectives on COVID-19 treatment and prevention.
Keywords:
ACE2; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2.
© 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
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Animals
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Betacoronavirus / classification
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Betacoronavirus / genetics*
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Betacoronavirus / pathogenicity
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Biological Evolution
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COVID-19
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Chiroptera / virology
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Coronavirus Infections / physiopathology
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Coronavirus Infections / virology*
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Eutheria / virology
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Gene Expression Regulation
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Humans
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Pandemics
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Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / genetics*
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Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / metabolism
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Phylogeny
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Pneumonia, Viral / physiopathology
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Pneumonia, Viral / virology*
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Protein Binding
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Receptors, Virus / genetics*
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Receptors, Virus / metabolism
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SARS-CoV-2
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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / physiopathology
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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / virology
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / classification
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / genetics*
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / pathogenicity
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Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / genetics*
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Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / metabolism
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Virus Internalization
Substances
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Receptors, Virus
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Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
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Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A
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ACE2 protein, human
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Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2