Abstract
Here we describe various techniques for visualization of the lymphatic vasculature, particularly in the heart. Addressing macro-, microscopic, and molecular levels of lymphatic organization, we give examples of how to explore the roles of specific antigens/markers expressed in lymphatic vessels and their extracellular matrix as structural and functional elements involved in various biological functions of lymphatics. Some obstacles and technical challenges related to lymphatic visualization are also discussed.
Keywords:
Cardiac lymphatics; Extracellular matrix; Intercellular junctions; Lymphatic vessel markers; Microscopic imaging; Myocardium.
Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Biomarkers / metabolism
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Cardiac Imaging Techniques*
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Extracellular Matrix / metabolism
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Extracellular Matrix / pathology
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Glycocalyx / metabolism
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Glycocalyx / pathology
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Heart / diagnostic imaging*
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Heart / physiopathology
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Heart Diseases / diagnostic imaging*
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Heart Diseases / metabolism
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Heart Diseases / pathology
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Heart Diseases / physiopathology
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Humans
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Lymphatic Diseases / diagnostic imaging*
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Lymphatic Diseases / metabolism
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Lymphatic Diseases / pathology
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Lymphatic Diseases / physiopathology
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Lymphatic System / diagnostic imaging*
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Lymphatic System / metabolism
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Lymphatic System / pathology
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Lymphatic System / physiopathology
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Lymphography*
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Microscopy*
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Myocardium / metabolism
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Myocardium / pathology
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Predictive Value of Tests
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Prognosis