Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease common in premature infants and is one of the leading causes of disability and death in newborns. The Keap-1/Nrf2 signaling pathway plays an important role in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory.Ten clean-grade, healthy pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (purchased from Experimental Animal Center of Peking university, China) naturally gave birth to 55 neonatal rats from which 40 were selected and randomly divided into a hyperoxia group and a control group (N = 20, each). Thirty-two BPD patient samples are from Neonatal Department of the second Hospital of Jilin University from November 30, 2016 to May 1 2019.In present study, we observed that lung tissues of the control group did not undergo obvious pathological changes, whereas in the hyperoxia group, lung tissues had disordered structures. With increased time of hyperoxia exposure, the alveolar wall became attenuated. Under hypoxia conditions, the activity of oxidative stress-related enzymes (CAT, GSH-Px, SOD) in lung samples was significantly lower than that before treatment. The expression level of Keap1 mRNA and protein in the hyperoxia group was slightly lower than that of control group. The expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA and protein in the hyperoxia group was significantly higher than that of control group. For the infants with BPD, we found that the activity of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT was significantly different from those of control group.We constructed a premature BPD animal model and found the abnormal of oxidative stress in different groups and the expression levels of Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway-related molecules, and we validated the results in premature infants with BPD.