Microbial Products and Metabolites Contributing to Alcohol-Related Liver Disease

Mol Nutr Food Res. 2021 Mar;65(5):e2000023. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202000023. Epub 2020 Jul 7.

Abstract

As a serious public health concern, alcohol-related liver disease is associated with dysregulations in the intestinal barrier function and the gut microbiota. The liver and gut communicate via the gut-liver axis, through which microbial products and metabolites translocate to the liver. Here, the current knowledge of various microbial products and metabolites which contribute to the alcohol-related liver diseases, including bile acids, indole-3-acetic acid, butyrate, long-chain fatty acids, endotoxin, cytolysin, β-glucan, and candidalysin is reviewed. Some of these might serve as therapeutic targets for alcohol-related liver disease.

Keywords: alcoholic liver disease; microbiome; mycobiome.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Alcohol Drinking / metabolism*
  • Animals
  • Bile Acids and Salts / metabolism
  • Butyrates / metabolism
  • Endotoxins / metabolism
  • Endotoxins / pharmacokinetics
  • Fatty Liver, Alcoholic / metabolism*
  • Fatty Liver, Alcoholic / microbiology*
  • Fungal Proteins / metabolism
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome*
  • Humans
  • Indoleacetic Acids / metabolism
  • beta-Glucans / metabolism

Substances

  • Bile Acids and Salts
  • Butyrates
  • ECE1 protein, Candida albicans
  • Endotoxins
  • Fungal Proteins
  • Indoleacetic Acids
  • beta-Glucans
  • indoleacetic acid