The Roles of Exosomes in Visual and Auditory Systems

Pei Jiang; Shasha Zhang; Cheng Cheng; Song Gao; Mingliang Tang; Ling Lu; Guang Yang; Renjie Chai

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2020.00525

The Roles of Exosomes in Visual and Auditory Systems

Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020 Jun 3:8:525. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00525. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Pei Jiang¹, Shasha Zhang¹, Cheng Cheng^{2

3}, Song Gao⁴, Mingliang Tang^{1

5

6}, Ling Lu², Guang Yang⁷, Renjie Chai^{1

5

8}

Affiliations

¹ MOE Key Laboratory for Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
² Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, China.
³ Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, China.
⁴ Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
⁵ Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
⁶ Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
⁷ Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
⁸ Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Abstract

Exosomes are nanoscale membrane-enclosed vesicles 30-150 nm in diameter that are originated from a number of type cells by the endocytic pathway and consist of proteins, lipids, RNA, and DNA. Although, exosomes were initially considered to be cellular waste, they have gradually been recognized to join in cell-cell communication and cell signal transmission. In addition, exosomal contents can be applied as biomarkers for clinical judgment and exosomes can as potential carriers in a novel drug delivery system. Unfortunately, purification methods of exosomes remain an obstacle. We described some common purification methods and highlight Morpho Menelaus (M. Menelaus) butterfly wings can be developed as efficient methods for exosome isolation. Furthermore, the current research on exosomes mainly focused on their roles in cancer, while related studies on exosomes in the visual and auditory systems are limited. Here we reviewed the biogenesis and contents of exosomes. And more importantly, we summarized the roles of exosomes and provided prospective for exosome research in the visual and auditory systems.

Keywords: biogenesis; composition; exosome; eye; hair cell; isolation.

Publication types

Review