Background: The relationship between aliments and pathophysiological abnormalities leading to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms elicitation is unclear. Nevertheless, patients often report symptoms after ingestion of specific foods.
Aims: To identify in primary care setting the presence of foods able to trigger GERD symptoms, and evaluate whether a consequent specific food elimination diet may result in clinical improvement.
Methods: Diagnosis of GERD and quantification of reflux symptoms were done according to GERD-Q questionnaire (positive when > 8). During clinical data collection, patients were asked to report aliments associated with their symptoms. Also, a precompiled list of additional foods was administered to them. Then, patients were requested to eliminate the specific foods identified, and to come back for follow-up visit after 2 weeks when GERD-Q questionnaire and clinical data collection were repeated.
Results: One-hundred GERD (mean GERD-Q score 11.6) patients (54 females, mean age 48.7 years) were enrolled. Eighty-five patients reported at least one triggering food, mostly spicy foods (62%), chocolate (55%), pizza (55%), tomato (52%), and fried foods (52%). At follow-up visit, the diagnosis of GERD was confirmed in only 55 patients, and the mean GERD-Q score decreased to 8.9. Heartburn reporting decreased from 93 to 44% of patients, while regurgitation decreased from 72 to 28%. About half of the patients agreed to continue with only dietary recommendations.
Conclusions: Most patients with GERD can identify at least one food triggering their symptoms. An approach based on abstention from identified food may be effective in the short term.
Keywords: Food; Gastroesophageal reflux disease; Heartburn; Primary care; Regurgitation; Symptoms.