Porcine mesothelium matrix as a biomaterial for wound healing applications

H Capella-Monsonís; M A Tilbury; J G Wall; D I Zeugolis

doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100057

Porcine mesothelium matrix as a biomaterial for wound healing applications

Mater Today Bio. 2020 May 17:7:100057. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100057. eCollection 2020 Jun.

Authors

H Capella-Monsonís^{1

2}, M A Tilbury^{2

3}, J G Wall^{2

3}, D I Zeugolis^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.
² Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.
³ Department of Microbiology, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.

Abstract

The increasing economic burden of wound healing in healthcare systems requires the development of functional therapies. Xenografts with preserved extracellular matrix (ECM) structure and biofunctional components overcome major limitations of autografts and allografts (e.g. availability) and artificial biomaterials (e.g. foreign body response). Although porcine mesothelium is extensively used in clinical practice, it is under-investigated for wound healing applications. Herein, we compared the biochemical and biological properties of the only two commercially available porcine mesothelium grafts (Meso Biomatrix® and Puracol® Ultra ECM) to traditionally used wound healing grafts (Endoform™, ovine forestomach and MatriStem®, porcine urinary bladder) and biomaterials (Promogran™, collagen/oxidized regenerated cellulose). The Endoform™ and the Puracol® Ultra ECM showed the highest (p<0.05) soluble collagen and elastin content. The MatriStem® had the highest (p<0.05) basic fibroblast growth factor (FGFb) content, whereas the Meso Biomatrix® had the highest (p<0.05) transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) content. All materials showed tissue-specific structure and composition. The Endoform™ and the Meso Biomatrix® had some nuclei residual matter. All tissue grafts showed similar (p>0.05) response to enzymatic degradation, whereas the Promogran™ was not completely degraded by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and was completely degraded by elastase. The Promogran™ showed the highest (p<0.05) permeability to bacterial infiltration. The Promogran™ showed by far the lowest dermal fibroblast and THP-1 attachment and growth. All tested materials showed significantly lower (p<0.05) tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression than the lipopolysaccharides group. The MatriStem® and the Puracol® Ultra ECM promoted the highest (p<0.05) number of micro-vessel formation, whereas the Promogran™ the lowest (p<0.05). Collectively, these data confer that porcine mesothelium has the potential to be used as a wound healing material, considering its composition, resistance to enzymatic degradation, cytocompatibility, and angiogenic potential.

Keywords: Angiogenesis; CORC-PG, collagen/oxidized regenerated cellulose—Promogran™; Collagen devices; DMEM, Dulbecco's modified eagle medium; ECM, extracellular matrix; Functional biomaterials; HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells; Immune response; LB, lysogenic broth; LPS, lipopolysaccharides; OF-EF, ovine forestomach—Endoform™; P/S, penicillin/streptomycin; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; PFA, paraformaldehyde; PM-MB, porcine mesothelium—Meso Biomatrix®; PM-PC, porcine mesothelium—Puracol® Ultra ECM; PUB-MS, porcine urinary bladder—MatriStem®; SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; Xenografts.