Usefulness of 18F-Choline Positron Emission Tomography - Computed Tomography in the therapeutic management of patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate adenocarcinoma treated with brachytherapy

Abstract

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of 18F-choline PET/CT in biochemically recurrent prostate cancer patients treated with brachytherapy, as well as to assess the changes in therapeutic management derived from its outcome.

Material and methods: Retrospective study of 20 patients between 51 and 78 years old, with a history of prostate adenocarcinoma that had been treated with brachytherapy and presented biochemical recurrence (PSA 3.1-12 ng/ml) and staging tests (CT and bone scan) without alterations, were included. The findings visualized in the PET/CT scan with ¹⁸F-choline were correlated with the histopathology and/or the evolution of the PSA after therapy.

Results: ¹⁸F-choline PET/CT scan only detected local recurrence in 15 patients. Local and regional recurrences were seen in 4 patients, and 1 patient presented local and bone recurrence. Local recurrence detected in PET was confirmed by anatomopathological studies in 85% of the cases. In one patient, these findings (PET scan) turned out to be prostatitis, and it could not be confirmed in another patient. Of the cases with local and regional recurrence, local recurrence was histologically confirmed in 3 out of 4 patients. ¹⁸F-choline PET/CT changed the therapeutic management in 25% of the patients, discarding the initially planned salvage surgery in 3 cases, 1 radiotherapy and 1 brachytherapy.

Conclusion: ¹⁸F-choline PET/CT could be a useful technique in the group of patients with biochemical recurrence after brachytherapy, providing locoregional and distant involvement findings which had not been detected with conventional imaging tests, thus determining a more adequate therapeutic management.

Keywords: (18)F-choline Positron Emission Tomography - Computed Tomography; Biochemical recurrence; Brachytherapy; Braquiterapia; Cáncer de próstata; Prostate cancer; Recidiva bioquímica; Tomografia por emisión de positrones /tomografía computarizada con (18)F-colina.