2-Haloacid dehalogenases (EC 3.8.1.X) catalyze the hydrolytic dehalogenation of 2-haloacids, releasing halogen ions and producing corresponding 2-hydroxyacids. The enzymes not only degrade xenobiotic halogenated pollutants, but also show wide substrate profile and astonishing efficiency for enantiomer resolution, making them valuable in environmental protection and the green synthesis of optically pure chiral compounds. A variety of 2-haloacid dehalogenases have been biochemically characterized so far. Further studies have been made in protein crystal structures and catalytic mechanisms. Here, we review the recent progresses of 2-haloacid dehalogenases in their source, protein structures, reaction mechanisms, catalytic properties and application. We also suggest further research directions for 2-haloacid dehalogenase.
2-卤代酸脱卤酶 (EC 3.8.1.X) 催化2-卤代酸脱卤水解形成相应的2-羟基酸。该类酶不仅能够降解环境中的卤代污染物，而且具有宽广底物谱和高效手性拆分特性，因而在环保和手性中间体的绿色合成中具有广阔应用前景。目前已经对多种2-卤代酸脱卤酶进行生化特性表征，并对酶分子三维结构及催化机制进行了深入研究。文中从2-卤代酸脱卤酶的来源、蛋白质结构与催化反应机制、催化特性及应用方面等研究取得的新进展进行综述，并展望了2-卤代酸脱卤酶的进一步研究方向。.
Keywords: 2-haloacid dehalogenases; application; catalytic mechanism; protein structure.