Objective: To prospectively explore the associations between total and different types of physical activities and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the first trimester of pregnant women, in Beijing. Methods: Data of 909 participants from the Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort study were extracted and studied. Four types of physical activities, including household/care-giving, occupational, sports/exercise and outdoor ways of transportation (walking/cycling/E-biking) in early pregnancy were studied by using the pregnancy physical activity questionnaire (PPAQ). All the participants were followed up and related data on GDM collected. Logistic regressions were conducted for data analysis on the associations of interests. Results: A total of 206 pregnant women (22.7%) were diagnosed with GDM. After adjusting for age, pre-pregnancy BMI, family history of diabetes and other types of physical activities, results from the logistic regression showed that women with moderate level of household/care-giving activities were with the lower odds on GDM (OR=0.654, 95%CI: 0.436-0.980). Women who had met the guideline of exercise were less likely to have GDM (OR=0.518, 95%CI: 0.287-0.934). There was no significant association appeared between total physical, occupational and outdoor ways of transportation (walking/cycling/E-biking) activities with GDM. Conclusions: Sports/exercise and household/care-giving activities in early pregnancy appeared important on GDM prevention. Pregnant women are encouraged to wisely arranging their sports/exercise activities and engaging in moderate household/care-giving activities in the first trimester of pregnancy, to prevent GDM.
目的： 前瞻性地探究北京地区孕妇总体力活动和不同类型体力活动与妊娠期糖尿病（gestational diabetes mellitus，GDM）的关系。 方法： 以中国孕产妇队列研究·协和项目中的909名孕妇为研究对象，采用孕期身体活动问卷（pregnancy physical activity questionnaire，PPAQ）调查孕早期家务照顾、职业活动、运动锻炼和交通活动，并随访收集研究对象GDM诊断情况。采用非条件多因素logistic回归进行关联性分析。 结果： 共206名孕妇（22.7%）诊断为GDM，调整年龄、孕前BMI、糖尿病家族史和其他类别体力活动等因素后，logistic回归结果显示，相比于孕早期家务照顾较低水平的孕妇，中等水平的孕妇GDM发生风险较低（OR＝0.654，95%CI：0.436～0.980）；相比于不参加运动锻炼的孕妇，运动锻炼达标的孕妇GDM发生风险较低（OR＝0.518，95%CI：0.287～0.934）；总体力活动、职业活动和交通活动与GDM的发生无关。 结论： 孕早期运动锻炼和家务照顾是GDM的影响因素，鼓励孕妇提高孕早期运动锻炼水平、从事适度家务照顾可能有助于预防GDM。.
Keywords: Cohort study; Gestational diabetes mellitus; Physical activity.