Bee Viruses: Routes of Infection in Hymenoptera

Orlando Yañez; Niels Piot; Anne Dalmon; Joachim R de Miranda; Panuwan Chantawannakul; Delphine Panziera; Esmaeil Amiri; Guy Smagghe; Declan Schroeder; Nor Chejanovsky

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00943

Bee Viruses: Routes of Infection in Hymenoptera

Front Microbiol. 2020 May 28:11:943. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00943. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Orlando Yañez^{1

2}, Niels Piot³, Anne Dalmon⁴, Joachim R de Miranda⁵, Panuwan Chantawannakul^{6

7}, Delphine Panziera^{8

9}, Esmaeil Amiri^{10

11}, Guy Smagghe³, Declan Schroeder^{12

13}, Nor Chejanovsky¹⁴

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
² Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Bern, Switzerland.
³ Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
⁴ INRAE, Unité de Recherche Abeilles et Environnement, Avignon, France.
⁵ Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
⁶ Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
⁷ Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
⁸ General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
⁹ Halle-Jena-Leipzig, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany.
¹⁰ Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, United States.
¹¹ Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
¹² Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States.
¹³ School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom.
¹⁴ Entomology Department, Institute of Plant Protection, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel.

Abstract

Numerous studies have recently reported on the discovery of bee viruses in different arthropod species and their possible transmission routes, vastly increasing our understanding of these viruses and their distribution. Here, we review the current literature on the recent advances in understanding the transmission of viruses, both on the presence of bee viruses in Apis and non-Apis bee species and on the discovery of previously unknown bee viruses. The natural transmission of bee viruses will be discussed among different bee species and other insects. Finally, the research potential of in vivo (host organisms) and in vitro (cell lines) serial passages of bee viruses is discussed, from the perspective of the host-virus landscape changes and potential transmission routes for emerging bee virus infections.

Keywords: Apis; artificial infection; bee; natural infection; non-Apis; transmission; virus.

Publication types

Review