Use of nanoscale metals in poultry diet as a mineral feed additive

Еlena Sizova; Sergey Miroshnikov; Svyatoslav Lebedev; Boris Usha; Sergey Shabunin

doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2019.11.007

Use of nanoscale metals in poultry diet as a mineral feed additive

Anim Nutr. 2020 Jun;6(2):185-191. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2019.11.007. Epub 2019 Dec 28.

Authors

Еlena Sizova^{1

2}, Sergey Miroshnikov¹, Svyatoslav Lebedev^{1

2}, Boris Usha³, Sergey Shabunin⁴

Affiliations

¹ Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, 460000, Russia.
² Orenburg State University, Orenburg, 460018, Russia.
³ Moscow State University of Food Production, Moscow, 125080, Russia.
⁴ Federal State Budget Scientific Institute (All-Russian Veterinary Research Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology and Therapy), Voronezh, 394087, Russia.

Abstract

The research was aimed at studying the efficiency of a nanoscale alloy of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) to be used as a mineral additive for feeding broiler chickens, compared to inorganic and organic forms of these elements. Biochemical studies of the blood serum were performed using an automated analyzer. The mineral composition was determined by atomic emission and mass spectrometry (MS-ISP). The study was performed on broiler chickens of cross Smena 7 (n = 72) in the conditions of a vivarium. There were 3 treatment groups with 24 chickens in each. Replacing the inorganic form of mineral supplements with the nanosized alloy resulted in a positive productive effect, with a tendency to increasing the content of serum protein. The nanoscale form of metals improved (P ≤ 0.05) the activity of aminotransferases. At the same time, the liver microstructure of experimental groups is similar to that of the control. There was a moderate plethora and poor polymorphoncellular infiltration around the interlobular triads with a clear morphological organization of the stromal and parenchymal components of the liver. However, the lack of oxidative stress was confirmed by the dynamics of catalase (CT), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and the concentrations of which did not exceed the reference level. Replacing Cu and Zn sulfates with the nanoscale alloy (group 1) and organic form (group 2) of these elements in the diet of broiler chickens was accompanied by the increasing pool of these elements in the organisms at the end of the experiment. Copper was accumulated throughout the experiment in experimental group 1, compared to the reference, with the maximum difference in the liver of 36.5% (P ≤ 0.05), in the feathers 2.5 times (P ≤ 0.01). Assessment of the Zn level dynamics in the feathers revealed a well noticeable tendency to reducing its concentrations during the experiment in all groups. Against the background of feeding a nanoscale alloy, Zn concentration in the liver exceeded the reference by 66.8% (P ≤ 0.01) only at the end of the experiment. Thus, nanoscale forms of Cu and Zn have a cumulative effect, and may become an alternative to inorganic and organic forms of these elements in poultry nutrition.

Keywords: Broiler chicken; Feeding; Mineral supplement; Nanoscale metal.