Comparative Evaluation of Bone Repair with Four Different Bone Substitutes in Critical Size Defects

Gustavo Grossi-Oliveira; Leonardo P Faverani; Bruno Coelho Mendes; Tárik Ocon Braga Polo; Gabriel Cury Batista Mendes; Valthierre Nunes de Lima; Paulo Domingos Ribeiro Júnior; Roberta Okamoto; Osvaldo Magro-Filho

doi:10.1155/2020/5182845

Comparative Evaluation of Bone Repair with Four Different Bone Substitutes in Critical Size Defects

Int J Biomater. 2020 May 23:2020:5182845. doi: 10.1155/2020/5182845. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Gustavo Grossi-Oliveira¹, Leonardo P Faverani¹, Bruno Coelho Mendes¹, Tárik Ocon Braga Polo¹, Gabriel Cury Batista Mendes², Valthierre Nunes de Lima¹, Paulo Domingos Ribeiro Júnior², Roberta Okamoto³, Osvaldo Magro-Filho¹

Affiliations

¹ Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Diagnostic and Surgery, Aracatuba School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Aracatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
² Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Surgery, University of Sagrado Coracao, Bauru, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
³ Human Anatomy, Department of Basic Sciences, Aracatuba School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Aracatuba, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Abstract

This study evaluated the osteoconductive potential of four biomaterials used to fill bone defects. For this, 24 male Albino rabbits were submitted to the creation of a bilateral 8 mm calvarial bone defect. The animals were divided into four groups-bovine hydroxyapatite, Bio-Oss® (BIO); Lumina-Bone Porous® (LBP); Bonefill® (BFL); and an alloplastic material, Clonos® (CLN)-and were euthanized at 14 and 40 days. The samples were subjected to histological and histometric analysis for newly formed bone area. Immunohistochemical analysis for Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and osteocalcin (OC) was performed. After statistical analysis, the CLN group showed greater new bone formation (NB) in both periods analyzed (p < 0.05). At 14 days, the NB showed greater values in BIO in relation to LBP and BFL groups; however, after 40 days, the LBP group surpassed the results of BIO (p < 0.001). The immunostaining showed a decrease in Runx2 intensity in BIO after 40 days, while it increased for LBP (p < 0.05). The CLN showed increased OC compared to the other groups in both periods analyzed (p < 0.05). Therefore, CLN showed the best osteoconductive behavior in critical defects in rabbit calvaria, and BFL showed the lowest osteoconductive property.