Photosensitized reactive chlorine species-mediated therapeutic destruction of drug-resistant bacteria using plasmonic core-shell Ag@AgCl nanocubes as an external nanomedicine

Nanoscale. 2020 Jun 28;12(24):12970-12984. doi: 10.1039/d0nr01300e. Epub 2020 Jun 11.

Abstract

Due to the rapid growth of drug-resistant bacterial infections, there is an urgent need to develop innovative antimicrobial strategies to conquer the bacterial antibiotic resistance problems. Although a few nanomaterial-based antimicrobial strategies have been developed, the sensitized formation of cytotoxic reactive chlorine species (RCS), including chlorine gas and chlorine free radicals, by photo-activatable plasmonic nanoparticles for evading drug-resistant bacterial infections has not yet been reported. To address this challenge, herein, we report the synthesis of an unprecedented plasmonic core-shell Ag@AgCl nanocrystal through an in situ oxidation route for the photo-induced generation of highly cytotoxic RCS. We present the detailed in vitro and in vivo investigations of visible light activated Ag@AgCl nanostructure-mediated evasion of drug-resistant bacteria. In particular, the in vivo results demonstrate the complete reepithelialization of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infected wounds on skin upon phototherapeutic treatment mediated Ag@AgCl NCs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first unique example of using Ag@AgCl NCs as an external nanomedicine for photo-induced generation of RCS to mediate effective killing of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative drug resistance bacteria and healing of the subcutaneous abscesses in an in vivo mouse model.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Bacteria
  • Chlorine
  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus*
  • Mice
  • Nanomedicine
  • Pharmaceutical Preparations*
  • Silver

Substances

  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Pharmaceutical Preparations
  • Silver
  • Chlorine