1 Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian-Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.
2 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian-Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York.
3 Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, New York Presbyterian-Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York. Electronic address: ht2225@cumc.columbia.edu.