Background: The main problem in periimplantitis is often the combination of severe periimplant bone loss with a contaminated implant surface and an insufficient soft tissue situation. Classic surgical concepts with crestal access to the bony defect and debridement of the surface most often lead to partial defect regeneration and a soft tissue recession. An incision directly above the pathologic bony lesion is contrary to general surgical treatment rules.
Aim: To overcome this problem, a new surgical concept was developed which allows to clean the implant surface, reconstruct the bony defect, and improve soft tissue height and thickness without cutting the papilla complex. This publication presents the innovative regenerative treatment approach for severe periimplantitis defects.
Material and methods: After diagnosis and non-surgical pre-treatment of a severe periimplantitis lesion, the following treatment protocol was applied: horizontal mucosal incision 5 mm apical to marginal mucosa, supraperiosteal preparation in apical direction, cutting through periosteum at the level of the implant apex, subperiosteal coronal flap elevation, exploration and cleaning of the periimplant defect, thorough debridement of the implant surface with the Er:YAG laser, subperiosteal grafting with connective tissue, grafting of the bony defect with autogenous bone chips from the mandibular ramus, and bilayered suturing of periosteum and mucosa. Implant survival, marginal bone levels, periimplant probing depths, recession, and facial mucosa thickness (PIROP ultrasonic measurement) were evaluated in a pilot case at 1-year follow-up examination.
Results: Inter-proximal, oral, and buccal marginal bone levels increased significantly to the level of the implant shoulder from pre-operative to 1-year follow-up examination. No signs of suppuration or periimplant infection were present. Probing depths and recession decreased significantly, while the facial mucosa thickness improved from pre-operative to final examination.
Conclusions: Marginal bone levels and soft tissue improvement suggest feasibility for the regeneration of severe periimplant hard and soft tissue deficiencies by this new treatment approach. With the use of this concept, the simultaneous implant surface cleansing and improvement of hard and soft tissue seem to be possible and unfavorable postoperative exposition of titanium surface might be prevented. Comparative studies are planned to quantify the effects of this new surgical protocol.
Keywords: Attached mucosa; Bone grafting; Bone regeneration; CB-CT; Laser; Periimplantitis; Recession; Soft tissue Thickness; Soft tissue grafting; Ultrasonic measurement.