Novel radiation therapy approaches for breast cancer treatment

Abstract

The role of radiation therapy in the management of breast cancer continues to evolve. For patients with early stage breast cancer, hypofractionated whole breast irradiation following breast conserving surgery now represents the standard of care based on randomized data with long-term efficacy and toxicity outcomes. Partial breast irradiation has been found, in several randomized trials, to be effective and appropriate in selected patients with the potential to reduce toxicities as compared to whole breast irradiation. The study of tumor biology and genetics and its role in radiation therapy decision making continues to grow and the advances may help identify patients where radiation therapy can be safely omitted, with future studies looking at de-intensification approaches. Recent randomized data has demonstrated a growing role for regional nodal irradiation in patients with more advanced disease, with future studies looking to identify whether nodal radiation is indicated following neoadjuvant chemotherapy or with certain favorable tumor biologies. While postmastectomy radiation therapy represents a standard approach for patients with locally advanced breast cancer, new data supports the role of hypofractionated regimens as well as its use in patients previously considered lower risk with unfavorable tumor biology. Oligometastatic disease represents a new area of study in breast cancer with prospective trials underway and current data supporting consideration of techniques such as stereotactic body radiation therapy in appropriately selected patients.

Keywords: Breast cancer; Intraoperative radiation; Partial breast irradiation; Radiation therapy; Whole breast irradiation.