Swimming exercise ameliorates mood disorder and memory impairment by enhancing neurogenesis, serotonin expression, and inhibiting apoptosis in social isolation rats during adolescence

J Exerc Rehabil. 2020 Apr 28;16(2):132-140. doi: 10.12965/jer.2040216.108. eCollection 2020 Apr.

Abstract

Social isolation during adolescence is associated with anxiety, depres-sion, and memory impairment. Exercise has been reported as a positive effect on brain function, especially hippocampus. The present study ex-amined the effect of swimming exercise on apoptosis, cell proliferation, and serotonin expression in social isolation rats during adolescence stage. Social isolation started at postnatal day 21 and continued for 6 weeks. The rats in the swimming group were forced to swim for 60 min once daily during 6 days per week for 6 consecutive weeks. The rats in the social isolation during adolescence showed anxiety, depression, short-term memory impairment. Social isolation facilitated apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation and differentiation. Social isolation sup-pressed expression of serotonin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and tyrosine kinase B. Swimming exercise alleviated anxiety, depression, short-term impairment. Swimming exercise suppressed apoptosis, en-hanced neurogenesis, and increased serotonin expression. In our study, swimming exercise ameliorates mood disorder and memory impairment by enhancing neurogenesis and serotonin expression and inhibiting apoptosis in social isolation.

Keywords: Adolescence; Anxiety; Depression; Short-term memory; Social isolation; Swimming.