Development of a water-in-oil-in-water adjuvant for foot-and-mouth disease vaccine based on ginseng stem-leaf saponins as an immune booster

Hai Xu; Yale Niu; Weiming Hong; Weixin Liu; Xiaoxin Zuo; Xi Bao; Changming Guo; Yu Lu; Bihua Deng

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101499

Development of a water-in-oil-in-water adjuvant for foot-and-mouth disease vaccine based on ginseng stem-leaf saponins as an immune booster

Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020 May 30:71:101499. doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101499. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Hai Xu¹, Yale Niu², Weiming Hong³, Weixin Liu², Xiaoxin Zuo², Xi Bao², Changming Guo³, Yu Lu⁴, Bihua Deng⁵

Affiliations

¹ Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
² Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
³ Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
⁴ Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
⁵ Institute of Veterinary Immunology & Engineering, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu province, PR China. Electronic address: dengbihua1981@163.com.

PMID: 32505765
DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101499

Abstract

There has been an increasing interest in finding new formulations that qualify as vaccine adjuvants, which must be safe, stable, and have the capacity to stimulate a strong immune response. In this study, a basic formulation of a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) adjuvant CV13 was developed, and ginseng stem-leaf saponins (GSLS) were added as an immune booster into oil phase. The physicochemical properties of the adjuvant were tested. Furthermore, the immune activity and the adjuvant effects, as indicated by the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) antigen were evaluated. The results showed that CV13 was similar in appearance to ISA 206 and could package FMDV antigen into a stable W/O/W emulsion. The FMD vaccine prepared with CV13 alone or CV13 containing GSLS achieved pharmaceutical characteristics comparable to a vaccine prepared with ISA 206, moreover the structural stability of the CV 13 vaccine was found to be better. Mice that were immunized with the FMD vaccine prepared with CV13 containing GSLS presented a significantly higher LPBE antibody titer and splenocyte proliferation rate than those immunized with a vaccine prepared with CV13 alone (p < 0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference between the groups that were immunized with FMD vaccine prepared with CV13 containing GSLS and ISA206 in terms of cellular and humoral immune response. In this paper, CV13 containing GSLS shows excellent immunologic adjuvant effect in mice model, and this new adjuvant may provide a potential choice for FMD vaccine production in the future.

Keywords: Adjuvant; Double emulsion; Foot and mouth disease vaccine; Ginseng stem-leaf saponins.