Mnemonic discrimination in treatment-seeking adults with and without PTSD

Abstract

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by overgeneralized emotional reactivity following a trauma. Similarities between current, safe contexts and past, threatening events trigger recurrent, distressing responses and can contribute to a host of symptoms, including reexperiencing and hypervigilance. Mnemonic discrimination, a component process of episodic memory, could promote overgeneralization when impaired. Mnemonic discrimination reflects the integration of old and new experiences and one's ability to differentiate them despite their similarities. To date, little research has been conducted in clinical populations and none with individuals with PTSD. In this study, we examined mnemonic discrimination performance among treatment-seeking adults with and without PTSD and healthy comparison participants (n = 190). There were significant group differences in mnemonic discrimination performance, but not in general recognition memory. Individuals without psychopathology outperformed individuals with PTSD and treatment-seeking individuals without PTSD. However, there were no differences in mnemonic discrimination performance among individuals with PTSD and any other diagnoses. Finally, clinical groups with or without trauma exposure also did not differ in mnemonic discrimination performance. Results held when we adjusted for general recognition memory. Findings suggest that poor mnemonic discrimination is transdiagnostically associated with emotional disorders. Future work is merited to explore this as a measurable and potentially malleable, though non-specific, risk factor.

Keywords: Memory interference; Mnemonic discrimination; PTSD; Pattern separation; Trauma.