Background: Compassion is the deep feeling that arises when confronted with another's suffering coupled with a strong desire to alleviate that suffering. Until recently, evidence was lacking as to whether compassion was innate, acquired, or modifiable. Because patients who experience compassionate health care report better clinical outcomes, an understanding of the science behind it may give rise to methods of incorporating compassion into clinical care delivery.
Methods: A high-level summary of the social and neuroscience research was constructed.
Results: Functional neuroimaging of empathy and compassion demonstrates neural networks involving the insula, cingulate, and prefrontal cortices suggesting neurological hard wiring for these emotional and cognitive experiences. Neuroscience and social science research evidence supports the presence of cognitive and/or emotional empathy in all individuals studied; that empathy and compassion can be taught; and that both internal and external factors influence their expression.
Conclusions: Burnout may result when clinicians know what their patients need (thereby activating the empathy/pain neural pathways) but are unable to deliver that care (therefore inactivation of the compassion/reward neural pathways). Understanding the neuroscience underlying empathy and compassion informs practical programs that mitigate burnout and creates a more compassionate workplace.