Aims: To summarize the international empirical literature to provide a comprehensive understanding of older nurses' decision-making surrounding the timing of their retirement.
Background: The global nursing shortage is increasing. Among some countries it has become an economic imperative to consider raising the state pension age and to extend working lives.
Design: An integrative literature review using an integrated design.
Data sources: MEDLINE, CINAHL and Business Source Premier databases were searched for studies between January 2007 - October 2019.
Review methods: Quality appraisal of the studies was conducted. Findings were summarized, grouped into categories and themes extracted. Two models were developed for data representation.
Results: A total of 132 studies were identified by the search strategy. Of these, 27 articles were included for appraisal and synthesis. Sixteen papers were quantitative, seven qualitative, and four mixed methods. The research took place in 13 different geographical locations. Most studies were of a questionnaire design, followed by interviews and focus groups. The total participant sample was 35,460. Through a synthesis of the studies, four themes were identified: Health, Well-being, and Family factors; Employer factors; Professional factors; and Financial factors.
Conclusion: This review not only revealed the heterogeneity of studies on this subject and confirmed previous findings but also established a ranking of criteria that influences nurses' decision-making: age, followed by personal and organizational factors. Four extracted themes of push and pull factors map onto these factors. No 'one-size-fits-all' strategy exists to ensure the extension of older nurses' working lives. Organizations need to foster an environment where older nurses feel respected and heard and where personal and professional needs are addressed.
Impact: Organizations need to implement HR policies addressing nurses' personal well-being and retirement preparation. Older nurses are more likely to extend their working lives if they feel committed to their organization and when professional standards are maintained.
目的: 旨在对国际实证文献进行总结,以全面了解高龄护士围绕退休时间作出的决策。 背景: 全球护理人员短缺的情况日益加剧。在一些国家,从经济角度看,考虑提高国家退休年龄和延长工作年限已成为当务之急。 设计: 采用综合设计的文献综述。 数据来源: 针对2007年1月至2019年10月之间的研究,进行了医学文献联机数据库、护理学数据库和商业资源集成全文数据库检索。 评估方法: 对各项研究进行了质量评估。对研究结果进行了总结,将其归类并提取主题。建立了两种数据表示模式。 结果: 通过检索策略共发现132篇研究。其中,27篇文章被纳入评估和综合研究。其中16篇为定量研究,7篇为定性研究,4篇为混合方法研究。研究发生在13个不同的地理位置。大多数研究都是采用问卷设计,然后是访谈和焦点小组。参与者样本总数为35460例。通过综合研究,确定了四个主题:健康、幸福和家庭因素;雇主因素;专业因素;以及财务因素。 结论: 该评估不仅揭示了该课题研究的异质性,证实了以往的研究结果,还建立了影响护士决策的标准排序:年龄,其次是个人因素和组织因素。 四个提取的推拉因素主题映射到这些因素上。没有“一刀切”的策略可以确保延长高龄护士的工作年限。 组织需要营造一种环境,让高龄护士感到自己受到尊重和被倾听,个人需求和专业需求得到满足。 影响: 组织需要实施人力资源政策,以解决护士个人幸福和退休准备问题。如果高龄护士对自己的组织有责任感且在保持专业标准的情况下,他们就更有可能延长工作年限。.
Keywords: decision-making; extended working lives; integrative review; older nurses; retirement; workforce.
© 2020 The Authors. Journal of Advanced Nursing published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.