Background: Physician-scientists are a vital segment of the healthcare workforce, but they may face significant challenges balancing and integrating clinical responsibilities, scientific research, and domestic responsibilities. This study investigates factors associated with burnout among highly successful early career physician-researchers in Japan.
Method: Among 1790 physician awardees of Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists by the Japanese Ministry in 2014-2015, 490 participated in this cross-sectional survey in 2016 (usable response rate 23.8%). The primary outcome was psychological burnout, measured by the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (i.e., personal burnout, work-related burnout, and patient-related burnout). "Workplace resources" in our study refers to the presence of career education in the workplace, promotion of gender equity, well-being consultation services on "career and work," "research," "harassment," and/or "mental health," as well as the presence of a role model in the workplace who has perceived good work-life balance.
Results: Among 408 physician-researchers (75% male, mean age 37 yrs), personal burnout scores were slightly higher in women than in men (mean score, 41.9 points vs. 36.7 points, difference, 5.2, 95% confidence interval, 0.5-9.9, p = 0.029), but work-related and patient-related burnout scores did not differ significantly between genders. Over half of women (64%) and men (58%) had a mentor (p = 0.374). In multivariable general linear regression models, personal burnout scores were higher for women (β = 4.98, p = 0.045), and lower among those who had a mentor (β = - 5.82, p = 0.010) and whose workplaces had well-being consultation services (β = - 0.79, p = 0.022). Work-related burnout scores were lower among those with larger amounts of grant funding (β = - 4.70, p = 0.013), a mentor (β = - 6.12, p = 0.002), well-being consultation services (β = - 0.78, p = 0.008) and a role model with a perceived good work-life balance (β = - 4.00, p = 0.038). Patient-related burnout scores were higher among physician-scientists aged older than 37 years (β = 6.25, p = 0.002) and those who had board certification (β = 9.01, p = 0.017), while these scores were lower among those had larger amounts of funding (β = - 5.01, p = 0.006) or a mentor (β = - 5.35, p = 0.006).
Conclusions: Workplace resources and mentorship appear to be associated with lower levels of psychological burnout for both men and women early career physician-scientists.
Keywords: Burnout; Grants; Mentor; Physician-scientist; Workplace resources.