Acute effects of chromium on hemato-biochemical parameters and morphology of erythrocytes in striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

S M Majharul Islam; Md Fazle Rohani; Seyed Akib Zabed; Md Tarikul Islam; Rayeda Jannat; Yeasmin Akter; Md Shahjahan

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.04.016

Acute effects of chromium on hemato-biochemical parameters and morphology of erythrocytes in striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

Toxicol Rep. 2020 May 11:7:664-670. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.04.016. eCollection 2020.

Authors

S M Majharul Islam¹, Md Fazle Rohani², Seyed Akib Zabed¹, Md Tarikul Islam¹, Rayeda Jannat¹, Yeasmin Akter³, Md Shahjahan¹

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
² Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
³ Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh.

Abstract

Chromium is considered the most detrimental pollutant to the aquatic organisms. The present experiment was conducted to determine the acute toxicity of chromium in view of its effects on hemato-biochemical parameters and the structure of erythrocytes in striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Fish were exposed to seven different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mg/L) of chromium, each with three replications for 96 h. After 96 h of exposure, the survived fish were sacrificed to measure hemato-biochemical parameters (hemoglobin, Hb; red blood cell, RBC; white blood cell, WBC; packed cell volume, PCV; mean corpuscular volume, MCV; the mean corpuscular hemoglobin, MCH and blood glucose). In addition, erythrocytic cellular abnormalities (ECA) and erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities (ENA) of peripheral erythrocytes were assayed. No mortality was observed up to 10 mg/L, but 90% and 100% mortality was observed at 50 mg/L and 60 mg/L, respectively after a 96 h exposure period. The 96 h LC50 value through probit analysis was 32.47 mg/L. Hb (%), RBC (×10⁶/mm³) and PCV (%) significantly decreased at 20, 30 and 40 mg/L of chromium, whereas WBC (×10³/mm³), MCV (μm³) and MCH (pg) showed the opposite scenario. Blood glucose (mg/dL) levels significantly increased at 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/L of chromium compared to 0 mg/L. Frequencies of ECA and ENA significantly increased with increasing chromium concentrations. This study indicates that chromium is highly toxic to striped catfish.

Keywords: Blood parameters; Deformities; Heavy metals; Thai pangas; Toxicity.