Abstract
: Many synthetic drugs and monoclonal antibodies are currently in use to treat Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). However, they all are implicated in causing severe side effects and long-term use results in many complications. Numerous in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that phytochemicals and natural macromolecules from plants and animals reduce IBD-related complications with encouraging results. Additionally, many of them modify enzymatic activity, alleviate oxidative stress, and downregulate pro-inflammatory transcriptional factors and cytokine secretion. Translational significance of natural nanomedicine and strategies to investigate future natural product-based nanomedicine is discussed. Our focus in this review is to summarize the use of phytochemicals and macromolecules encapsulated in nanoparticles for the treatment of IBD and IBD-associated colorectal cancer.
Keywords:
Crohn’s disease; inflammation; inflammatory bowel disease; macromolecules; nanomedicine; nanoparticles; phytochemicals; ulcerative colitis.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Benzoquinones / therapeutic use
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Biological Products / therapeutic use*
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Biomimetics
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Caffeic Acids / therapeutic use
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Curcumin / therapeutic use
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Cytokines / metabolism
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Exosomes / chemistry
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Humans
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Inflammation / drug therapy
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Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / therapy*
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Insecta
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Macromolecular Substances / therapeutic use
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Nanomedicine*
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Oxidative Stress
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Phenylethyl Alcohol / analogs & derivatives
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Phenylethyl Alcohol / therapeutic use
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Phytochemicals / therapeutic use
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Plant Extracts / therapeutic use
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Polysaccharides / therapeutic use
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Quercetin / therapeutic use
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Resveratrol / therapeutic use
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Stilbenes / therapeutic use
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Transcription Factors / metabolism
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Translational Research, Biomedical
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Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / therapeutic use
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Zingiber officinale / metabolism
Substances
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Benzoquinones
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Biological Products
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Caffeic Acids
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Cytokines
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Macromolecular Substances
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Phytochemicals
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Plant Extracts
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Polysaccharides
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Stilbenes
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Transcription Factors
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Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide
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3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene
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Quercetin
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caffeic acid phenethyl ester
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Curcumin
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Phenylethyl Alcohol
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Resveratrol
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embelin