Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 But Not A(H3N2) Virus Infection Induces Durable Seroprotection: Results From the Ha Nam Cohort

Le Nguyen Minh Hoa; Sheena G Sullivan; Le Quynh Mai; Arseniy Khvorov; Hoang Vu Mai Phuong; Nguyen Le Khanh Hang; Pham Quang Thai; Le Thi Thanh; Louise Carolan; Dang Duc Anh; Tran Nhu Duong; Juliet E Bryant; H Rogier van Doorn; Heiman F L Wertheim; Peter Horby; Annette Fox

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiaa293

Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 But Not A(H3N2) Virus Infection Induces Durable Seroprotection: Results From the Ha Nam Cohort

J Infect Dis. 2022 Aug 12;226(1):59-69. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa293.

Authors

Le Nguyen Minh Hoa¹, Sheena G Sullivan^{2

3

4}, Le Quynh Mai⁵, Arseniy Khvorov³, Hoang Vu Mai Phuong⁵, Nguyen Le Khanh Hang⁵, Pham Quang Thai⁵, Le Thi Thanh⁵, Louise Carolan², Dang Duc Anh⁵, Tran Nhu Duong⁵, Juliet E Bryant^{1

6}, H Rogier van Doorn^{1

6}, Heiman F L Wertheim^{1

7}, Peter Horby^{1

6}, Annette Fox^{1

2

8}

Affiliations

¹ Oxford University Clinical Research Unit and Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
² WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
³ Doherty Department, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
⁴ Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
⁵ National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
⁶ Center for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
⁷ Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
⁸ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Abstract

Background: The extent to which influenza recurrence depends upon waning immunity from prior infection is undefined. We used antibody titers of Ha-Nam cohort participants to estimate protection curves and decay trajectories.

Methods: Households (270) participated in influenza-like-illness (ILI) surveillance and provided blood at intervals spanning laboratory-confirmed virus transmission. Sera were tested in hemagglutination inhibition assay. Infection was defined as influenza virus-positive ILI and/or seroconversion. Median protective titers were estimated using scaled-logistic regression to model pretransmission titer against infection status in that season, limiting analysis to households with infection(s). Titers were modelled against month since infection using mixed-effects linear regression to estimate decay and when titers fell below protection thresholds.

Results: From December 2008-2012, 295 and 314 participants were infected with H1N1pdm09-like and A/Perth/16/09-like (H3N2Pe09) viruses, respectively. The proportion protected rose more steeply with titer for H1N1pdm09 than for H3N2Pe09, and estimated 50% protection titers were 19.6 and 37.3, respectively. Postinfection titers started higher against H3N2Pe09 but decayed more steeply than against H1N1pdm09. Seroprotection was estimated to be sustained against H1N1pdm09 but to wane by 8-months for H3N2Pe09.

Conclusions: Estimates indicate that infection induces durable seroprotection against H1N1pdm09 but not H3N2Pe09, which could in part account for the younger age of A(H1N1) versus A(H3N2) cases.

Keywords: H1N1 subtype; H3N2 subtype; antibody; cohort studies; immunity; influenza A virus.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Antibodies, Viral
Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
Humans
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype*
Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype
Influenza Vaccines*
Influenza, Human* / epidemiology

Substances

Antibodies, Viral
Influenza Vaccines

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Grants and funding