Traditionally Used Sideritis cypria Post.: Phytochemistry, Nutritional Content, Bioactive Compounds of Cultivated Populations

Krystalia Lytra; Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou; Antonios Chrysargyris; Chryssoula Drouza; Helen Skaltsa; Nikolaos Tzortzakis

doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00650

Traditionally Used Sideritis cypria Post.: Phytochemistry, Nutritional Content, Bioactive Compounds of Cultivated Populations

Front Pharmacol. 2020 May 12:11:650. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00650. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Krystalia Lytra¹, Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou¹, Antonios Chrysargyris², Chryssoula Drouza², Helen Skaltsa¹, Nikolaos Tzortzakis²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
² Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus.

Abstract

Sideritis species are recognized as important medicinal plants and their commercial demand is continuously on the rise both in the European and in the global market. Consequently, the cultivation of Sideritis species has been occurred to successfully meet the need for mass production of high-quality plant material. The present study was undertaken in order to investigate the chemical composition of cultivated S. cypria. Infusions of flowers and leaves were prepared separately, according to the European Medicine Agency (EMA) monograph. The infusion of the flowers revealed the presence of four flavones, isoscutellarein-7-O-[6'″-O-acetyl-β-D-allopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside, its 4'-O-methyl-derivative, 4'-O-methyl-hypolaetin-7-O-[6'″-O-acetyl-β-D-allopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside, and isoscutellarein-7-O-[6'″-O-acetyl-β-D-allopyranosyl-(1→2)]-6″-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranoside; four phenylethanoid glucosides, acteoside, leucosceptoside A, lamalboside, and leonoside A; one iridoid, melittoside, and one phenolic acid, chlorogenic acid, while the infusion of the leaves of the same population afforded the same first two flavones; five phenylethanoid glucosides, acteoside, leucosceptoside A, lavandulifolioside, leonoside A, and lamalboside; melittoside and chlorogenic acid. The structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was undertaken by high-field NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, the essential oils of the flowers and leaves were studied by GC-MS, separately. In addition, the mineral, bioactive compounds, protein and carbohydrate contents were evaluated for both plant materials.

Keywords: Sideritis cypria; cultivation; flowers; infusions; lamalboside; leaves; leonoside A; melittoside.